Biological networks evolve through topological alterations in connectivity, driven by selective pressures and network rewiring across evolutionary timescales.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the claim that biological networks evolve via topological changes and connectivity reorganization. Multiple recent studies (e.g., microbial community network reconfiguration, crop gene regulatory network evolution, and plant signaling module rewiring) explicitly link network topology and its evolution to biological adaptation. There are no refuting papers.