Biological dimorphism results in greater average upper body strength in human males compared to females
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
confidence 84/100
Biological dimorphism results in human males having greater average upper body strength and muscle mass compared to females.
Evidence for · 3
Substantial but Misunderstood Human Sexual Dimorphism Results Mainly From Sexual Selection on Males and Natural Selection on Females
2022 · cited by 26
Paper 4 notes that human males typically possess significantly more lean body mass, muscle mass, and arm muscle, yielding parallel sex differences in strength.
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More for · 2
Big Bones Mean Big Muscles: An MRI-Based Dataset of Muscle-Bone-Body Size Relationships Across 70 Human Muscles of the Upper Limb, Trunk, and Lower Limb.
2025 · cited by 9
Paper 7 establishes that biological skeletal dimensions and muscle volume distributions differ between sexes, correlating with variations in muscularity and strength.
Sex differences in resistance training: a brief narrative review
2026 · cited by 2
Paper 11 confirms that males typically exhibit greater absolute strength than females due to higher muscle mass and physiological factors.