Current forensic research and empirical testing demonstrate that ballistic fingerprinting and toolmark comparisons can reliably match fired cartridge cases to specific firearms with quantifiable and generally low error rates.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the validity and reliability of firearm and cartridge-case comparisons. Studies such as [0], [5], [7], and [10] highlight distinct toolmark features and low error rates, while [1] confirms that error rates remain uniformly low across controlled testing. There are no refuting studies; therefore, the balance of evidence clearly supports the claim.