Azeotropes are formed due to deviations from Raoult's law in liquid mixtures
Azeotropes form as a direct consequence of significant positive or negative deviations from Raoult's law in non-ideal liquid mixtures.
The claim that azeotropes are formed due to deviations from Raoult's law is a well-established chemical principle. Multiple retrieved papers explicitly discuss how deviations from ideality and Raoult's law govern azeotropic behavior.
Filipe M S Ribeiro, C. Lima, Artur M. S. Silva, Luís M. N. B. F. Santos. Experimental Evidence for Azeotrope Formation from Protic Ionic Liquids.. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201800335
Paper 1 notes that protic ionic liquid mixtures show marked negative deviations from Raoult's law leading to azeotrope formation.
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Khalid Farhod Chasib. Experimental Measurement and Thermodynamic Modelling of Vapor-Liquid Equilibria Correlations for Prediction Azeotropic Behavior and Fitting Multicomponent Mixtures Data. 2018. https://doi.org/10.31031/pps.2018.01.000508
Paper 9 explains that departures from Raoult's law frequently manifest themselves in the formation of azeotropes with maximum or minimum boiling points.
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