ATP breakdown releases energy through phosphate bond cleavage
The breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via hydrolysis involves phosphoanhydride bond cleavage, which releases free energy to power cellular processes.
The retrieved literature consistently supports the fundamental biochemical principle that ATP hydrolysis involves bond cleavage (specifically of phosphoanhydride bonds) coupled with the release of free energy. Papers 7, 8, and 11 explicitly discuss the bond energetics and cleavage mechanisms during ATP/pyrophosphate hydrolysis.
Bettendorff L, Wins P. Energy-Rich Molecules and Group Transfer Potentials in Energetic Coupling Reactions.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules31020242
Paper 7 notes that energy-rich molecules like NTPs contain bonds that exchange for stronger bonds to release energy.
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García-Martínez A, de la Puente M, Cunin M, Zinovjev K, Ruiz-Pernía JJ, Laage D, Tuñón I. Protonation and magnesium ions shape the transition state diversity of phosphoanhydride hydrolysis in water.. 2026. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-73697-7
Paper 8 describes phosphoanhydride hydrolysis mechanisms involving P-O bond formation and cleavage.
Szántó JK, Hulm A, Ochsenfeld C. Molecular Mechanism of ATP Hydrolysis Catalyzed by p97: A QM/MM Study.. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.5c00928
Paper 11 demonstrates through QM/MM simulations that ATP hydrolysis involves phosphate bond breakage at the active site.
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