Atmospheric gases determine the color of auroras
Atmospheric gases play a primary role in determining the colors and spectral characteristics of auroras through the excitation and emission of specific atoms and molecules like oxygen and nitrogen.
The retrieved papers include historical and quantum mechanical analyses (such as papers [4] and [6]) showing that auroral emissions—like the famous green oxygen line and various nitrogen bands—are directly caused by the excitation of specific atmospheric gases. The other papers are completely unrelated studies regarding cold plasma medical applications, satellite sensing, and plant oil extraction.
Helge Kragh. The Spectrum of the Aurora Borealis: From Enigma to Laboratory Science. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.4.377
The paper explains how auroral lines, such as the dominant green line, are caused by the excitation of specific atmospheric constituents like oxygen atoms.
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Minaev BF, Panchenko OO, Minaeva VA, Ågren H. Triplet state harvesting and search for forbidden transition intensity in the nitrogen molecule.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2022.1005684
The paper discusses how triplet excited states of nitrogen molecules in the upper atmosphere produce the aurora borealis.
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