Antibiotics do not affect eukaryotic mitochondria due to evolutionary differences in ribosome structure
the verdict
REFUTED
the evidence says no
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
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Retrieved evidence demonstrates that certain antibiotics actually inhibit mitochondrial translation and host mitochondrial components, refuting the claim that they do not affect eukaryotic mitochondria.
Context-specific inhibition of mitochondrial ribosomes by phenicol and oxazolidinone antibiotics
## Abstract
The antibiotics chloramphenicol (CHL) and oxazolidinones, including linezolid (LZD), are known to inhibit mitochondrial translation. This can result in serious, potentially deadly, side effects when used therapeutically. Although the mechanism by which CHL and LZD inhibit bacterial ribosomes has been elucidated in detail, their mechanism of action against mitochondrial ribosomes has yet to be explored. CHL and oxazolidinones bind to the ribosomal peptidyl transfer center (PTC) of the bacterial ribosome and prevent incorporation of incoming amino acids under specific sequence contexts, causing ribosomes to stall only at certain sequences. Through mitoribosome profiling, we show that inhibition of mitochondrial ribosomes is similarly context-specific-CHL and LZD lead to mitoribosome stalling primarily when there is an alanine, serine, or threonine in the penultimate position of the nascent peptide chain. We further validate context-specific stalling through in vitro translation assays. A high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of LZD bound to the PTC of the human
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