Animals identify their offspring using olfactory, auditory, and visual cues.
Multiple scientific studies support the fact that animals utilize a combination of olfactory, auditory, and visual cues to identify and recognize their offspring.
Papers [0], [1], and [4] provide empirical evidence that animals across various species use olfactory, auditory, and visual cues in mother-offspring recognition. Paper [2] and Paper [5] are tangential (focusing on milk composition/stress and computer vision for horse-human interactions, respectively) and are not included.
K. Wierucka, B. Pitcher, R. Harcourt, I. Charrier. Multimodal mother–offspring recognition: the relative importance of sensory cues in a colonial mammal. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANBEHAV.2018.10.019
Paper [0] demonstrates that Australian sea lions use a combination of acoustic, olfactory, and visual cues for mother-offspring recognition.
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Eliane Noirot. Selective priming of maternal responses by auditory and olfactory cues from mouse pups. 1969. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.420020413
Paper [1] shows that both auditory and olfactory cues from mouse pups selectively prime distinct maternal behaviors.
S. Aro, O. Olowofeso, J. Agbede. The influence of mutual maternal and neonatal recognition on the foster mothering techniques in pigs. 2021. https://doi.org/10.51791/NJAP.V35I1.1177
Paper [4] discusses how mammalian dams and neonates rely on olfactory, auditory, and visual cues during recognition and fostering processes.
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