Animals effectively communicate their internal emotional states and intentions through non-verbal body language, such as visual displays and behavioral signals.
The retrieved literature provides direct evidence of animals communicating internal states through non-verbal body language. Paper 2 documents bottlenose dolphins utilizing visual open-mouth displays to signal playful internal states. Paper 11 synthesizes ethological research across species like primates, dogs, and marine mammals, confirming that emotional expressions and behavioral signals form the basis of animal communication. No papers refute the claim.