Objectives: Correct diagnosis of iron deficiency remains challenging due to the cost of ferritin tests. Physicians, especially those in resource-limited settings, may resort to a complete blood count (CBC) when considering iron deficiency and anemia due to its accessibility. Although this has been practiced, it is still beneficial to assess whether CBC parameters exhibit the diagnostic capability of discriminating such medical conditions. Materials and Methods: Serum ferritin and CBC were performed on venous blood samples of 170 Filipino women aged 18–44 years. The diagnostic ability of the CBC parameters to detect iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Iron deficiency was defined as a ferritin level <30 µg/L, while iron deficiency anemia was defined as a ferritin level <30 µg/L with hemoglobin level <120 g/L. Results: Ferritin levels correlated with red blood cell (RBC) count and hematocrit levels. With an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.60, a hematocrit cutoff value of 38.5% was found to have low discriminating power in diagnosing iron deficiency only. Five parameters were observed to have higher discriminating powers for iron deficiency anemia: RBC count cutoff at 4.04 × 1012/L with AUC of 0.73, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) at 84.10 fL with AUC of 0.77, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) at 337.5 g/L with AUC of 0.80, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) at 29.15 pg with AUC of 0.81, and hematocrit at 35.5% with AUC of 0.96. Conclusion: CBC parameters can be a satisfactory discriminator for iron deficiency anemia among the women studied. However, further studies are needed to elucidate its utility in discriminating iron deficiency. With further investigations in this field, the potential use of CBC as a diagnostic tool for iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is promising, particularly in rural areas.

Background: Anemia is a widespread global health issue affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Traditional diagnostic approaches rely on complete blood count (CBC) parameters, which provide valuable clinical insights but may require advanced tools to enhance diagnostic accuracy. Objective: This study aims to develop and evaluate machine learning models for classifying different anemia subtypes using CBC data. The goal is to assess the performance of individual models and ensemble methods in improving diagnostic accuracy. Methods: Five machine learning algorithms were implemented for the classification task: Decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, gradient boosting, and neural networks. In addition to evaluating individual models, ensemble techniques-including hard voting, soft voting, and stacking-were applied to enhance model performance. Results: Experimental results demonstrated that ensemble methods significantly outperformed individual models in classification accuracy. Among them, the stacking ensemble achieved the highest accuracy of 98.44%, indicating superior performance in distinguishing anemia subtypes. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that ensemble learning methods, particularly stacking, can substantially improve the performance of machine learning models in anemia classification based on CBC data. These findings suggest the potential integration of such ensemble techniques into clinical decision-support systems to assist healthcare providers in making efficient and timely diagnoses.

Laboratory evaluation of anemia. The laboratory evaluation of anemia begins with a complete blood count and reticulocyte count. The anemia is then categorized as microcytic, macrocytic or normocytic, with or without reticulocytosis. Examination of the peripheral smear and a small number of specific tests confirm the diagnosis. The serum iron level, total iron-binding capacity, serum ferritin level and hemoglobin electrophoresis generally separate the microcytic anemias. The erythrocyte size-distribution width may be particularly helpful in distinguishing iron deficiency from thalassemia minor. Significant changes have occurred in the laboratory evaluation of macrocytic anemia, and a new syndrome of nitrous oxide-induced megaloblastosis and neurologic dysfunction has been recognized. A suggested approach to the hemolytic anemias includes using the micro-Coombs' test and ektacytometry. Finally, a number of causes have been identified for normocytic anemia without reticulocytosis, including normocytic megaloblastic anemia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Published in The Western journal of medicine (1987)

Introduction Iron deficiency anemia and beta-thalassemia trait are two common and important differentials of microcytic hypochromic anemia. Various discrimination indices using two or more common complete blood cell count (CBC) parameters have been used to distinguish between the two since 1973. Recently, a new discriminant index, the CRUISE index, was proposed in the year 2019. The efficacy of various older indices along with the CRUISE index was evaluated for patients in our geographical area. Materials and method Ours was a laboratory-based, cross-sectional study where 100 patients, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, with microcytic hypochromic anemia were evaluated for CBC parameters along with serum ferritin and hemoglobin-high performance liquid chromatography (Hb HPLC). A total of eight discrimination indices namely, Mentzer, Srivastava, Shine & Lal, Green & King, RDWI, England & Fraser, Kerman I and CRUISE index were used and evaluated for their diagnostic efficacy using different statistical parameters. ROC curves were obtained and a new cut-off value was proposed for our population. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel (Microsoft® Corp., Redmond, WA, USA) and SPSS v29.0.2.0 (20) (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results Out of the total 100 cases, 39 were beta-thalassemia trait and 61 were iron deficiency anemia cases. The average age was 36.7 (±12.7 SD) years. Among the 73 females, 43 were diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and 30 as beta-thalassemia

Objective: To analyze the demographic and hematological characteristics of adults presenting with anemia versus those without aplastic anemia and to support timely clinical recognition and management. Study Design: A Cross-sectional study.Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the General Medicine Department, Sandeman Provincial Hospital / Bolan Medical Complex Hospital Quetta from June 2025 to August 2025. Methods: One hundred adult patients with anemia were enrolled in a cross-sectional study at a tertiary care hospital. These patients underwent a detailed assessment and laboratory testing, including a complete blood count, reticulocyte count, and peripheral blood smear. Patients with peripheral blood smears showing a reticulocyte count. We're working up with anemia and bone marrow aspirations. Aplastic anemia was diagnosed according to Camitta criteria. Data were collected, including demographics, hematological, and clinical variables. SPSS version 24 was used to perform statistical analyses of these variables, and inter-group differences in cases were assessed using chi- square tests and independent t-tests between aplastic and non-aplastic anemia. Results: The 100 participants (mean age 42.8 ± 13.6 years; 54% male), the incidence of aplastic anemia was 12%. Anemia was commonly accompanied with, fatigue (83% of cases), infections (58%), and bleeding (42%).Pancytopenia was significantly more prevalent in cases of aplastic anemia (92) compared to non-18 ca

A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC) or full haemogram (FHG), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a full blood count (FBC) or full haemogram (FHG), is a set of medical laboratory tests that provide information about the cells in a person's blood. The CBC indicates the counts of white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, the concentration of hemoglobin, and the hematocrit (the volume percentage of red blood cells). The red blood cell indices, w Blood is composed of a fluid portion, called plasma, and a cellular portion that contains red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. The complete blood count evaluates the three cellular components of blood. Some medical conditions, such as anemia or thrombocytopenia, are defined by marked increases or decreases in blood cell counts. Changes in many organ systems may affect the blood, so CBC results are useful for investigating a wide range of conditions. Because of the amount of information it provides, the complete blood count is one of the most commonly performed medical laboratory tests. The CBC is often used to screen for diseases as part of a medical assessment. It is also called for when a healthcare provider suspects a person has a disease that affects blood cells, such as an infection, a bleeding disorder, or some cancers. People who have been diagnosed with disorders that may cause abnormal CBC results or who are receiving treatments that can affect blood cell counts may have a regular CBC performed to monitor their health, and the test is often performed each day on people who are hospitalized. The results may indicate a need for a blood or platelet transfusion. The complete blood count has specific applications in many medical specialties. It is often performed before a person undergoes surgery to detect anemia, ensure that platelet levels are sufficient, and screen for infection, as well as after surgery, so that blood loss can be monitored. In emergency medicine, the CBC is used to investigate numerous symptoms, such as fever, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath, and to assess bleeding and trauma. Blood counts are closely monitored in people undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy for cancer, because these treatments suppress the production of blood cells in the bone marrow and can produce severely low levels of white blood cells, platelets and hemoglobin. Regular CBCs are necessary for people taking some psychiatric drugs, such as clozapine and carbamazepine, which in rare cases can cause a life-threatening drop in the number of white blood cells (agranulocytosis). Because anemia during pregnancy can result in poorer outcomes for…

BackgroundChildren with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have excellent outcomes, with >85% survival without relapse following contemporary therapies. Clinical and complete blood count (CBC) assessments are commonly used surveillance methods to detect relapses. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of routine blood testing for detecting relapse using a systematic method of assessing normal and abnormal results.MethodsThis a retrospective, single center study included children aged 1–14 years diagnosed with ALL who completed therapy and were in complete remission. Demographic data, leukemia subtypes, risk stratification, treatment responses, and outcomes were also reviewed. CBC tests were evaluated, and abnormal results were categorized. The relapse groups were classified as asymptomatic and symptomatic relapses. The clinical outcomes of relapse and complications were analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of surveillance laboratory tests for predicting relapse after the end of treatment were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 187 patients underwent 2074 CBC tests. Ten patients underwent full surveillance, whereas the remaining patients underwent partial surveillance. The median number of surveillance blood draws per patient was 12. Relapse was observed in nine patients. Only three patients had asymptomatic relapses. Neutropenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia were observed in 98, 89, 10, 6, and 3 patients

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a major public health concern among adolescent girls in rural areas. This study assessed the diagnostic performance of red cell distribution width (RDW) and hemoglobin (Hb) in detecting IDA. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 221 healthy rural adolescent girls (14–19 years) randomly selected from 24 government schools across 18 villages under four primary health centers in Nagpur district, Maharashtra (CTRI/2020/01/023035). Venous blood samples were analyzed for hematological parameters, and ROC curve analysis determined optimal diagnostic cut-offs

Abstract Background Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN), commonly referred to as Gurvits syndrome or “black esophagus”, is a rare clinical disease. We present a case of AEN associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Case presentation A 66-year-old male came to our hospital with coffee-ground emesis, dyspnea, and general malaise. He was treated for type 2 diabetes mellitus using insulin and had not been taking his medication, including insulin, for several days. Laboratory analysis revealed severe hyperglycemia (730 mg/dL), normocytic anemia (hemoglobin level, 7.7 g/dL; mean corpuscular volume, 100.4 fL), high serum potassium (7.6 mEq/L), and a high level of blood urea (98.7 mg/dL). Ketones and glucose were detected in the urine, and serum β-hydroxybutyrate was elevated (2132 µmol/L). Arterial blood gas analysis confirmed metabolic acidosis (pH, 7.29; HCO3, 10.5 mmol/L). Collectively, the patient was diagnosed with DKA and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient’s condition improved with intravenous fluids, and he received intravenous insulin to treat DKA. According to these findings, the patient was diagnosed with DKA and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The patient underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) which revealed a circumferential necrosis of the middle and distal esophagus, immediately proximal to the gastroesophageal junction. The patient was then treated with an intravenous proton pump inhibitor. The patient continued to improve with conservative treatment and

The California Eagle Thursday Sept 23 1948 2 A diminution in the number or quality of the red blood corpus cles or in the amount of hemo globin or in both It may be local or general or it may be primary or secondary Anemia results from a failure of the bone mar row to produce a normal amount of red blood cells or because there is an increase of blood de struction Early diagnosis of all anemias is important for satis factory treatment curative or symptomatic prognosis differs in the various types Chronic sec ondary anemia is the most com mon form CHRONIC SECONDARY ANEMIA or chrohic microcytic anemia is characterized by a re duction in the number of red blood cells with lowered percent age of hemoglobin there is a definite cause SYMPTOMS Muscular weakness loss of strength dyspnea palpitation vertigo and occasionally edema of the ankles are noted PERNICIOUS ANEMIA is a form of anemia characterized by remissions and a marked reduc tion in the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin associated with achlorhydria and changes in the spinal cord The condition is due to the failure of the stom ach to secrete an adequate amount