Ancient craton geology creates conditions for kimberlite pipes containing economic diamond deposits
Multiple geological and geochemical studies support the connection between ancient cratonic lithosphere architecture, deep mantle metasomatism, and the generation and preservation of diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes.
The retrieved literature consistently links ancient cratonic keels (subcontinental lithospheric mantle) with the volatile-rich melts, redox preconditioning, and tectonic triggers necessary to generate and transport economic diamond deposits via kimberlite pipes.
G. M. Yaxley, A. J. Berry, A. Rosenthal, A. B. Woodland, D. Paterson. Redox preconditioning deep cratonic lithosphere for kimberlite genesis – evidence from the central Slave Craton. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-00049-3
Demonstrates how deep cratonic lithosphere under the Slave Craton is preconditioned by metasomatic melts, creating conditions favorable for kimberlite genesis.
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Andrea Giuliani, David Phillips, D. Pearson, S. Sarkar, Alex A Müller, Yaakov Weiss, R. Preston, Michael Seller, Zdislav Spetsius. Diamond preservation in the lithospheric mantle recorded by olivine in kimberlites. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-42888-x
Examines mantle conditions and metasomatism related to kimberlite melt infiltration in deep lithosphere, linking olivine chemistry to diamond grades.
Maxwell C. Day, M. Pamato, D. Novella, F. Nestola. Imperfections in natural diamond: the key to understanding diamond genesis and the mantle. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40766-023-00045-6
Explains that natural diamonds form in the deep mantle and are brought to the surface via kimberlite eruptions, preserving mantle inclusions.
P. Nimis, Herman S. Grütter, F. Nestola. Multistage diamond formation, mantle uplift and changing geothermal regimes recorded by inclusions in Kimberley diamonds. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-025-00908-2
Analyzes diamond-bearing inclusions and thermal regimes associated with ancient cratonic mantle uplift and formation processes.
Olierook HKH, Fougerouse D, Doucet LS, Liu Y, Rayner MJ, Danišík M, Condon DJ, McInnes BIA, Jaques AL, Evans NJ, McDonald BJ, Li ZX, Kirkland CL, Mayers C, Wingate MTD. Emplacement of the Argyle diamond deposit into an ancient rift zone triggered by supercontinent breakup.. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40904-8
Discusses the emplacement of diamondiferous deposits near ancient craton boundaries driven by lithospheric extension and mantle melting.
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