All physical machines are linearly scalable
The claim that all physical machines are linearly scalable is false, as hardware performance is constrained by fundamental bottlenecks such as Amdahl's law, communication overhead, and physical properties like electron delocalization.
The claim asserts a universal technological absolute ('All physical machines are linearly scalable'). In computer science and physics, physical machines and computing architectures invariably encounter bottlenecks—such as Amdahl's law, communication overhead in parallel systems, and physical constraints like heat dissipation or electron delocalization—that prevent linear scaling. Papers [2] and [5] explicitly discuss these deviations and limitations, directly refuting the claim. Therefore, the verdict is REFUTED.
Végh J. How Amdahl's Law limits the performance of large artificial neural networks : why the functionality of full-scale brain simulation on processor-based simulators is limited.. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-019-0097-2
Paper [2] demonstrates that physical machines and neural network simulators face performance saturation and scaling limitations governed by Amdahl's Law rather than being linearly scalable.
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Fabian MD, Shpiro B, Baer R. Linear Weak Scalability of Density Functional Theory Calculations without Imposing Electron Localization.. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00829
Paper [5] highlights that physical systems and material electron structures frequently experience deviations from linear scaling due to quantum confinement or delocalization.
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