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Retrieved evidence indicates that binary opposites and dualisms act as organizing principles in human perception, reasoning, and semiotics, but does not establish that all human concepts are universally polar.
Polar semiotics
Polar semiotics (or Polar semiology) is a concept in the field of semiotics, which is the science of signs.
The most basic concept of polar semiotics can be traced in the thought of Roman Jakobson, when he conceptualized binary opposition as a relationship that necessarily implies some other relationship of conjunction and disjunction. A simple example is the binary symmetry between polar qualities that belong to a same category, such as high / low, in coordination with other types of categories, for example the presence or absence of a pitch. With further development, this same idea is represented in the so-called Greimasian square, attributed to Algirdas Julius Greimas, and which is an adaptation of Aristotle’s old logical square, used by classical philosophers such as Descartes and Spinoza, among others, to try to support empirical demonstrations. As Chandler (2017) states: “There is an apparently inbuilt dualism in our attempts to understand our perception and cognition of the world. We even see the world as a thing apart from us: the modern polarity of subject and object that causes the world to retreat forever into a veil of illusion.”.
## The concept intro
Frontiers | Opposites in Reasoning Processes: Do We Use Them More Than We Think, but Less Than We Could?
#### Cognitive Science
Published inFrontiers in Psychology 2.9 impact factor6.3 citescore
## REVIEW article
Front. Psychol., 26 August 2021
Sec. Cognitive Science
Volume 12 - 2021 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.715696
# Opposites in Reasoning Processes: Do We Use Them More Than We Think, but Less Than We Could?
EC
Elena Capitani 1
- EBErika Branchini 1*
- RBRoberto Burro 1
- USUgo Savardi 1
- IBIvana Bianchi 2
1. Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
2. Department of Humanities (Philosophy and Human Sciences Section), University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
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## Abstract
Our aim in this paper is to contribute toward acknowledging the general role of opposites as an organizing principle in the human mind. We support this claim in relation to human reasoning by collecting evidence from various studies which shows that “thinking in opposites” is not only involved in formal logical thinking, but can also be applied in both deductive and inductive reasoning, as well as in problem solving. We also describe th
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