Absorbed solar energy increases atmospheric height as well as heating the Earth's surface
the verdict
INSUFFICIENT LEANING
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
5 sources for · 0 against
The retrieved evidence extensively supports the fact that absorbed solar energy heats the Earth's surface and atmosphere, but it lacks comprehensive validation for the specific claim that absorbed solar energy increases overall atmospheric height.
Effect of Atmospheric Mixing on Spectral Reflectivity in Sentinel Images of Baghdad Province | Iraqi Journal of Science Effect of Atmospheric Mixing on Spectral Reflectivity in Sentinel Images of Baghdad Province Authors Eman S. Hassan Atmospheric Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Ahmed F. Hassoon Atmospheric Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq Ebtesam F.
Khanjer GIS and RS Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq DOI: https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2024.65.9.42 Keywords: Reflectivity, atmospheric boundary layer, Sentinel 2 satellite, Baghdad city, GIS Abstract The lowest layer of the atmosphere is called the atmospheric mixed layer, characterized by small-scale, irregular air motions defined by winds that change in speed and direction. Aerosol radiative effects impact the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), which holds most aerosols in the lower atmosphere.
Aerosol absorption and scattering both lower the quantity of solar energy that reaches the ground, which has an impact on the spectral signature of the land coverings. In this study, 51 locations in downtown Baghdad were chosen for four different types of land cover (water bodies, farms, open areas, and residential areas) for Sentinel 2 satellite imagery, and the time the pictures were taken was 8:00 am ( 22 March, 22 June, 20 September, and 22 December) 2021. Their spectral reflectance was calculated at the NIR band using a mathematical equation in the ArcGIS program for Sentinel 2 satellite images that had been processed and analyzed.
Also, atmospheric boundary layer height and solar radiation values were downloaded for the same date as the satellite images and compared with the spectral reflectivity values of the land covers(agriculture area, residential area, open area, and river) and knowing the effect of the mixing layer and solar radiation on the spectral reflectance values. The highest value of spectral reflectivity, mixing layer height, and solar radiation was in June at (0.065, 1965.524629, and 897.7088) respectively.
The spectral reflectivity of plants at near-infrared (NIR) was higher than the rest of the earth’s features because plants reflect near-infrared radiation and absorb the red and blue parts of the spectrum. Downloads PDF Published 2024-09-30 Issue Vol 65 No 9 (2024) Section Remote Sensing License Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal of Science This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License . How to Cite [1] E. S. . Hassan, A. F. . Hassoon, and E. F. . Khanjer, “Effect of Atmospheric Mixing on Spectral Reflectivity in Sentinel Images of Baghdad Province”, Iraqi Journal of Science , vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 5328–5338, Sep.
2024, doi: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.9.42. More Citation Formats ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver AMA Download Citation Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX Most read articles by the same author(s) Ahmed F. Hassoon, Abdulrahman B. Ali, Irregular urban Expansion and Its Effects on Air Temperature over Baghdad City using Remote Sensing Technique , Iraqi Journal of Science: Vol 62 No 6 (2021) Ahmed F. Hassoon, Nagham T. Ibraheem, Effect of Urban Expansion Indices Change by (R.S.) on Height of Convective Radix Layer around Baghdad Airport (Iraq) , Iraqi Journal of Science: Vol 63 No 5 (2022) Taif Adil Dhamin, Ebtesam F. Khanjer, Fouad K.
Mashee, The Effect of Temporal Resolution of Climatic Factors on Agriculture Degradation in Southern Baghdad by Applying Remote Sensing Data , Iraqi Journal of Science: Vol 64 No 2 (2023) Imad Khraibet Rashid Al-Khuwaylidee, Ahmed F. Hassoon, Fouad K. Mashee Al-Ramahi, Distribution of Atmospheric Stability Classes in Baghdad Province and Its Relationship with Surface Wind Speed Rates , Iraqi Journal of Science: Vol 65 No 12 (2024) Make a Submission Make a Submission about EISSN: 2312-1637 ISSN: 0067-2904 Iraqi National Library & Archives no.
ABSTRACT Solar radiation modification (SRM) through space solar shielding is a proposed strategy to mitigate global warming. This approach involves reflecting sunlight back into space while allowing Earth's infrared radiation to escape, thereby controlling climate change. The effectiveness of space solar shielding is evaluated using a complex algorithm that considers various parameters of the shielding satellite, such as its size, orbit, and deployment mechanism. The thickness of the shield should be similar to the solar wavelength, around 400‐600 nm, to deflect sunlight with an expected mass density lower than 1.5 g/m2. The primary objective is to reduce the greenhouse effect by mitigating the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. In 2022, CO2 levels in the United States surpassed the pre‐industrial level of 278 ppm, increasing by approximately 7.11 ppm due to the consumption of coal, natural gas, and petroleum for electricity generation. This point reflects the relatively recovered climate environment at the end of the pandemic. Therefore, long‐wavelength solar radiation energy going out from the Earth is absorbed and increases the temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, so we want to reduce the solar energy coming into the Earth. The performance of space solar shielding is analyzed using a system dynamics (SD) model, which incorporates feedback loops and non‐linear relationships between various variables. The results indicate that while the effectiveness of C
Abstract The top‐of‐atmosphere (TOA) albedo controls the amount of solar energy absorbed by Earth and is influenced by the reflectivity of both the atmosphere and surface. With considerable changes in land use over the past few decades it is reasonable to question whether a perturbed surface albedo has influenced TOA albedo over the corresponding period. Here, we identify regions for which surface albedo changes have been the dominant driver of TOA albedo trends from 2001 to 2020 and examine the degree to which this relates to changes in snow cover, surface soil moisture, and vegetation density and greenness. We show that land surface albedo changes have been the dominant driver of TOA albedo trends in 10.0% of the global land area, within which surface albedo decreases have led to increases in absorbed solar radiation of 0.737 ± 4.984 Wm−2 from 2001 to 2020. This corresponds to global change in absorbed solar radiation of 0.019 ± 0.812 Wm−2, which is equivalent to approximately 7.0% of the radiative forcing from anthropogenic CO2 emissions from 2011 to 2019 (IPCC, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896.009). Net TOA darkening above tundra and deserts constitutes 38.6% and 21.4%, respectively, to the radiative feedback identified, whereas temperate biomes induced net TOA brightening, corresponding to 22.3%. Collectively, changes in snow cover, vegetation density and greenness, and surface soil moisture drive 68.5% of the surface albedo changes. The importance of surface
Abstract Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI) is a relatively small (presently ∼0.3%) difference between global mean solar radiation absorbed and thermal infrared radiation emitted to space. EEI is set by natural and anthropogenic climate forcings and the climate system's response to those forcings. It is also influenced by internal variations within the climate system. Most of EEI warms the ocean; the remainder heats the land, melts ice, and warms the atmosphere. We show that independent satellite and in situ observations each yield statistically indistinguishable decadal increases in EEI from mid‐2005 to mid‐2019 of 0.50 ± 0.47 W m −2 decade −1 (5%–95% confidence interval). This trend is primarily due to an increase in absorbed solar radiation associated with decreased reflection by clouds and sea‐ice and a decrease in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) due to increases in trace gases and water vapor. These changes combined exceed a positive trend in OLR due to increasing global mean temperatures.
which has been described. This solar radiation falling upon the earth's atmosphere is in part absorbed by it, so that the molecules and atoms yield up their
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