A spontaneous macroscopic decrease in entropy is statistically extremely unlikely rather than strictly forbidden.
Statistical mechanics and fluctuation theorems establish that macroscopic decreases in entropy are exceptionally rare rather than strictly impossible.
The claim aligns with the statistical mechanics concept of the fluctuation theorem, which dictates that entropy-decreasing fluctuations are statistically possible though extremely improbable on macroscopic scales. The retrieved papers discuss fluctuation theorems, entropy production, and nonequilibrium thermodynamics that substantiate this statistical view.
Yaşar Demirel. Information in Biological Systems and the Fluctuation Theorem. 2014. https://doi.org/10.3390/e16041931
Discusses how fluctuation theorems quantify nonequilibrium thermodynamic regimes and entropy production.
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David Andrieux, Pierre Gaspard. Network and thermodynamic conditions for a single macroscopic current fluctuation theorem. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.04.016
Analyzes fluctuation theorems for macroscopic currents in nonequilibrium steady states.
Tatsuaki Tsuruyama. The Conservation of Average Entropy Production Rate in a Model of Signal Transduction: Information Thermodynamics Based on the Fluctuation Theorem. 2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/e20040303
Applies the fluctuation theorem to quantify reversible steps using average entropy production rates.
Giovanni Gallavotti. Fluctuation relation, fluctuation theorem, thermostats and entropy creation in nonequilibrium statistical physics. 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crhy.2007.04.011
Presents fluctuation relations and entropy creation within nonequilibrium statistical physics.
Jung Jun Park, Hyunchul Nha. Fluctuation Theorem for Information Thermodynamics of Quantum Correlated Systems. 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010165
Establishes fluctuation theorems that govern thermodynamic relations and entropy in open systems.
Jun-ichi Maskawa. Empirical Study on Fluctuation Theorem for Volatility Cascade Processes in Stock Markets. 2025. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040435
Demonstrates that physical processes and cascades satisfy fluctuation theorems associated with entropy production.
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