Studies analyzing the interaction of relativistic interstellar spacecraft with the interstellar medium demonstrate that high-speed collisions with gas and dust particles cause substantial surface erosion, cratering, and structural damage.
The retrieved literature, specifically theoretical and modeling work related to initiatives like Breakthrough Starshot, directly evaluates the severe impact hazards faced by spacecraft traveling at a significant fraction of the speed of light (such as 10% to 20% c) through the interstellar medium. The papers confirm that dust and gas bombardment leads to significant erosion, cratering, and material modification.