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the claim
A paraphyletic group includes a common ancestor and some but not all of its descendants
the verdict
SUPPORTED
the evidence backs this
refutedsupported
the weight of evidence
10 sources for · 0 against

Multiple reference works and peer-reviewed studies explicitly define a paraphyletic group as one that includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.

Evidence for · 10
Wikipedia: Paraphyly
cited by 0
Reference article covering this claim directly
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How claims like this are judged

Judged against reference works: claims of this kind are settled by reference works, not journal abstracts.

More for · 9
Brooks/Cole: Acp Bi 103-104 Vmi
2013 · cited by 0
States that a paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.
McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions: Evolution, diversity and ecology, units 4, 5, and 8 : selected materials from Biology, ninth ed.
2011 · cited by 0
Defines a paraphyletic group as consisting of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.
McGraw-Hill: Animal diversity
2003 · cited by 0
Confirms paraphyly refers to a group containing the most recent common ancestor and some, but not all, descendants.
McGraw-Hill Higher Education: Animal diversity
2009 · cited by 0
Defines a paraphyletic group using the most recent common ancestor of all members and some but not all descendants.
McGraw-Hill: Animal diversity
2017 · cited by 0
Defines a paraphyletic group using the most recent common ancestor of all members and some but not all descendants.
McGraw-Hill Education: Animal diversity
2015 · cited by 0
Defines a paraphyletic group using the most recent common ancestor of all members and some but not all descendants.
Internet Archive: Biological Science : Volume 2: UBC Edition
2014 · cited by 0
Contrasts monophyly with a group that consists of a common ancestor and some but not all descendants.
Open Veterinary Journal: Molecular phylogeny of some Carangid species from the Egyptian Red Sea using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and small (12S rRNA) mitochondrial rRNA genes
2025 · cited by 0
States that paraphyletic refers to a taxonomic grouping that includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.
OpenAIRE: Molecular phylogeny of some Carangid species from the Egyptian Red Sea using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and small (12S rRNA) mitochondrial rRNA genes.
2025 · cited by 0
States that a paraphyletic group includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its descendants.
Everything we examined (18)
  1. Wikipedia: Paraphylyreferencesupports
  2. Wikipedia: Rauisuchiareferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  3. Wiley: Phylogenetics : the theory and practice of phylogenetic systematicsreferenceno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  4. Brooks/Cole: Acp Bi 103-104 Vmireferencesupports
  5. McGraw-Hill Learning Solutions: Evolution, diversity and ecology, units 4, 5, and 8 : selected materials from Biology, ninth ed.referencesupports
  6. McGraw-Hill: Animal diversityreferencesupports
  7. McGraw-Hill Higher Education: Animal diversityreferencesupports
  8. McGraw-Hill: Animal diversityreferencesupports
  9. McGraw-Hill Education: Animal diversityreferencesupports
  10. Internet Archive: Biological Science : Volume 2: UBC Editionreferencesupports
  11. Open Veterinary Journal: Molecular phylogeny of some Carangid species from the Egyptian Red Sea using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and small (12S rRNA) mitochondrial rRNA genespeer-reviewedsupports
  12. Frontiers in Microbiology: A Briefly Argued Case That Asgard Archaea Are Part of the Eukaryote Treepeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  13. OpenAIRE: Molecular phylogeny of some Carangid species from the Egyptian Red Sea using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and small (12S rRNA) mitochondrial rRNA genes.peer-reviewedsupports
  14. OpenAIRE: <b>Molecular phylogeny of some Carangid species from the Egyptian Red Sea using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (<i>COI</i>) and small (<i>12S rRNA</i>) mitochondrial rRNA genes</b>peer-reviewedsupports
  15. OpenAIRE: Set theory and types of groups in phylogeneticspeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  16. OpenAIRE: Phylogeny and biogeography of the most diverse clade of South American gymnophthalmid lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Cercosaurinae)peer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  17. OpenAIRE: Phylogenetic analysis of Blaberoidea reveals non‐monophyly of taxa and supports the creation of multiple new subfamiliespeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
  18. OpenAIRE: Integrated fossil and molecular data reconstruct bat echolocationpeer-reviewedno side takennot shown: read and judged not to bear on this claim
The paper trail · every fact has a biography
first checked05 Aug 2026
judged → SUPPORTED · 7505 Aug 2026
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